Heidelberg, city, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. The city lies on the canalized Neckar River where it emerges from the forested hills of Odenwald into the Rhine plain. It was first mentioned in 1196 and was the capital of the Rhenish Palatinate (Pfalz) and the residence of the electoral counts palatine until 1720. It was devastated in 1622 during the Thirty Years’ War and almost completely destroyed by the French in 1689 and 1693, so most of its important buildings are in the Baroque architectural style (which prevailed until the late 18th century) rather than Gothic medieval. It passed to Baden in 1802 and experienced considerable growth in the 20th century.
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