MarginalizedAadhaar: How world’s largest digital identification programme led to exclusions of Marginalised communities

India’s biometric-based ID -- Aadhaar -- has been widely discussed since its inception in 2008-2009. The documentary film ("Report") evaluates the impact of India's biometric ID -- Aadhaar -- on some of the marginalised communities. In this film, individuals representing historically marginalised groups such as women, Adivasi, transgender, Dalit, farmers, people with disability and different socio-economic groups, along with subject experts discuss many exclusion issues that are relevant to biometric ID implementation.

TOPICS
0:12 Access to information in native languages
2:38 Aadhaar and exclusion
7:32 Gamango
12:44 Exclusion of persons with disability
15:08 Privacy risks with Aadhaar
23:11 Rights in the lens of the Indian constitution
26:53 Social welfare exclusions
34:46 Biometrics and exclusion
41:33 Surveillance
45:20 National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam
48:04 Personal data
51:41 Security and architectural flaws of biometrics
1:06:31 Closing remark on access to information

PROJECT DETAILS
This field research was conducted primarily between September 2019 – October 2020, and some post October 2020. This is an Open Educational Resource (OER) and is an outcome of the Yoti Digital Identity Fellowship awarded to Subhashish Panigrahi during 2019 – 2020, supported by Yoti under its Social Strategy programme (see more at https://yotifellows.com/). The views expressed in this publication, except the ones attributed to the respective interviewees and/or other individuals and organisations, are the author’s alone and are not necessarily the views of Yoti.

RECOMMENDED CITATION
Panigrahi, Subhashish. “MarginalizedAadhaar:Digital ID and Exclusion of Marginalized communities in India”. Yoti. 2021. (CC-BY 3.0)

LICENSE
The film is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) License. Please check https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ for a human-readable summary and a https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode for the legal code for further use of the Work.

INTERVIEWEES OF THE DOCUMENTARY (IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE)
Ramani, Dr Usha Ramanathan, Dinabandhu Gamango, Dr Savita Bailur, Dr Anvita Abbi, Sampati, Prathami, Shyam Divan, Harshabati Kheti, Krishnakant Mane, Meghavath Sathish, Nenavath Mohan, Prasanna S, Prof. Reetika Khera, Anonymous researcher, Anonymous Jurai Sora elder, Valerie Khan, Nikhil Pahwa,
Raina Roy, Apar Gupta, Ashraful Hussain, Rahul Narayan, Dr Usha Ramanathan (second appearance), Sunil Abraham, Dr Savita Bailur (second appearance), Manjula Sabar, Prof. Mandana Seyfeddinipur

OTHER INTERVIEWEES
Opino Gomango, Srinivas Gomango, Bhagwandi, Suchita, Deepak Joshi, Jayprakash Chauhan, Manjula Sabar, Namad Dalbehera, Surendar Singh Pangtey, Taukeer Alam, Aditi Agrawal, Karkee U, Dr Lokesh Ohri, Nachiket Udupa, Raghu Godavar, Shrinivasan T, Surendra Singh Pangtey, Tenma (The Casteless Collective), Welkin Alagunambi

TRANSLATION
Opino Gomango, Dinabandhu Gomango, Srinivas Gomango, Meghavath Sathish, Nenavath Mohan, Manoj Bilwal, Sameet Panda, Arun Gaur

ADDITIONAL SOUND, STILLS AND FOOTAGE
UIDAI construction (L. Shyamal, CC-BY-SA-3.0), Global Open Educational Resources (OER) Logo - Black and White variation (Jonathasmello, CC-BY-3.0), NRC: Heartless State Throws a Pregnant Woman in Jail in Assam (NewsClickin, CC-BY 3.0, Accessed July 23, 2020), Stills of maps from © OpenStreetMap contributors (with graphics from Mapbox). Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL). More: https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright, children playing (goldkelchen, CC0 1.0), Other stills and video footage by Subhashish Panigrahi (CC BY 3.0)

FREE/LIBRE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE, OPEN STANDARDS AND OERS
LibreOffice, Audacity, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), GPG Tools, Protonmail, Creative Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Signal, Typefaces used (Ubuntu Mono, Mota Pixel, IBM Plex Serif and Fira Sans, Volkhov and Bitter -- all under Open Font License 1.0), Handbrake, Miro Video Converter, Open Camera, Tor, Brave and Mozilla Firefox, Freesound.org, The Noun Project and BBC OPEN__SOURCE.
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